3 10 490 https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/cc4653b27de8151bb69fee486d5557c5.png 1cf1da1d12863969bab2d0e8dfbe50ff https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/53b72d7690835ba1acb3b14e27a3dccf.png cd420ac1165555ff47686df1e8271f4a Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The first design, proposed by Brazilian-born landscape architect Eduardo Catalano, looked like an olive branch from above. The leaves of the olive branch were a series of smaller gardens, connected by a path which formed the stem. There was also an amphitheatre and a glass pavillion. The second design, by Royston Hanamoto Alley & Abey (RHAA), drew on the themes of the Senate Park Commission’s 1902 plan for the National Mall. It included a water feature aligned with the Washington Monument and bells to be rung either by visitors or the wind. Type The nature or genre of the resource Gardens and Landscapes Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource National Peace Garden Description An account of the resource In 1985, Elizabeth Ratcliff, a former English teacher from California, proposed a national monument to peace. The monument was approved by Congress within two years and Hains Point was selected as the site. The Peace Garden Project Committee, led by Garret Eckbo, held a design competition in 1989 and selected Eduardo Catalano’s olive branch plan. Catalano's plan was approved by two planning Committees but rejected by the US Fine Arts Commission in 1992. The design firm Royston Hanamoto Alley & Abey was then hired and a year later their design received full approval. Funding for the monument was not secured by 2003, and the Garden was never built. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1987 (approved) 2003 (authorization expired) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Environmental Design Archives. <a href="https://instagram.com/edarchives/">View images.</a><a href="http://exhibits.ced.berkeley.edu/items/show/1518"> </a> https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/9a4e13088309505be6faa808cc627894.png 0fdcd20fc53b313371011484865db4a8 Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorials Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource National Liberty Memorial Description An account of the resource After authorization expired for the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/513">Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial</a>, Maurice Barboza and Lena Santos Ferguson restarted their campaign to honor African-American service during the Revolutionary War. Congress authorized the National Liberty Memorial in 2013 that will be located at the corner of 14th Street and Independence Avenue near the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/43">Department of Agriculture</a>. The Memorial will commemorate African American soldiers, sailors, and civilian volunteers, and also honor enslaved people who escaped or petitioned for their freedom during the war. By 2020, organizers must raise money to design and build the monument. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2000-present Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1/2/2013 (authorized) Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Photo courtesy of <a href="http://www.davidsnewtonsculptor.com/-gallery.html">David Newton</a>. https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/b852e07a1ff126bd2192d61f44ae5a98.jpg ee772d5b5d26eb3c1d3092b0a55c079a Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The design of the memorial depicts Banneker looking through a telescope and holding a book. There is also a large clock tower, based on one Banneker designed. Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorials Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Benjamin Banneker Memorial Description An account of the resource In 1996, the Washington Interdependence Council began planning a memorial to <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/77">Benjamin Banneker</a>, an African American scientist and surveyor who helped map the boundaries of the District of Columbia. Congress authorized the plan, and the Council was responsible for raising money for construction. The initial authorization expired in 2005, but the project was renewed in 2010 through new legislative efforts. The memorial is expected to part of a large-scale renovation near L’Enfant Plaza and Banneker Park. The proposed project includes a 14-foot statue, visitors' center, and a large clock tower. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 3/18/1998 (first authorization) 9/29/2010 (second authorization) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 2000-present Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Image courtesy Bobbie K. Carlyle and the Washington Interdependence Council. https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/f5eec9c7365b0f39820e50dbf353ce55.png 99a959dd961e0495a7969a838ddf619a Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorials Unbuilt Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Black Revolutionary War Patriots Memorial Description An account of the resource In 1986, Maurice Barboza and Lena Santos Ferguson won Congressional authorization to honor African Americans who fought in the Revolutionary War with a monument on the Mall. Congress authorized the memorial, but followed precedent by not allocating any funds. Barboza and Ferguson raised enough money to fund a design by Edward Dwight that represented African American men, women, and children emerging from a granite vortex led by black soldiers. Barboza and Ferguson were unable to raise enough money before the authorization expired. The memorial was never built, but they revised their plan in 2005 and proposed the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/admin/items/edit/516">National Liberty Memorial.</a> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource March 25, 1988 (authorized) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Park Service, Ethnography Program. <a href="http://www.nps.gov/ethnography/aah/aaheritage/histcontextsf.htm">View Original.</a> https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/a35f94d54a7489648a9aca5d663e8bac.jpg ef044e831746211e59cb2c332ec1274a Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Monuments Unbuilt Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The monument would have featured a statue depicting an elderly African American woman cradling a white infant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Faithful Slave Mammies of the South Memorial Description An account of the resource In 1922, Congress received a proposal from the Washington, DC, chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy to create the "Faithful Slave Mammies of the South" memorial recognizing the supposed loyalty of enslaved women to their owners during the Civil War. African American newspapers, including the Chicago Defender condemned the proposal as an insult at a time when Congress was unwilling to pass laws protecting African Americans from lynching. The Senate approved the proposal in 1923, but pressure from citizens and the press prevented passage of the bill in the House, and the memorial was never built. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1922 (proposed) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1920-1949 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived National Archives and Records Administration. <a href="http://blogs.archives.gov/blackhistoryblog/2013/04/04/celebrating-the-faithful-mammies-of-the-south/">View source.</a> design & monuments https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/d78e77efad27624400d9c5703098adb7.jpg ebfab48a06645ef86940ccf1814837f4 Place Important spaces on the mall (See the "Places" writeboard in basecamp.) Type The nature or genre of the resource Memorials Physical Description Text describing the appearance of the place and its situation on the Mall. The memorial is made up of a plaza including a star-shaped fountain with an eternal flame in the center, bronze sculptures, inscribed glass panels, and a granite wall. It is designed to be accessible to those it honors. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource American Veterans Disabled for Life Memorial Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/5/2014 (dedicated) 10/24/2000 (authorized) Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 2000-present Description An account of the resource The first national memorial to specifically honor members of the American armed forces who were permanently disabled during their service opened in 2014. The memorial was proposed to Congress in 1998 by a group led by philanthropist Lois Pope; Jesse Brown, then Secretary of Veterans Affairs; and Art Wilson, National Adjutant of the nonprofit Disabled American Veterans. The memorial was authorized by Congress and signed into law by President Clinton in 2000. The land on which it is built was transferred from the city to the National Park Service for the memorial. It was dedicated on October 4, 2014. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Tim Evanson via <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/23165290@N00/15268351937/">Flickr</a> building the mall design & monuments military history https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/7a0e82c562225bf73c7bca1ef18177f6.jpg 1ba172914ec1f07f292933bf69254cea Document A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Draft of the Will of James Smithson Description An account of the resource In his will, <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/68">James Smithson </a>left his estate to his nephew or his nephew's children. In the event that his nephew died without any children, Smithson's fortune was to go to the United States government for "an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge among men" to be founded in the city of Washington. Smithson's nephew died childless in 1835, meaning that Smithson's fortune of approximately $515,000 was given to the US. Congress disagreed over whether the government should accept Smithson's money. After years of debate, Congress accepted the gift and <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/162">established the Smithsonian Institution</a> in 1846. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource James Smithson Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Smithsonian Institution Archives, <a href="http://siarchives.si.edu/collections/siris_sic_4589">View Original</a>. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 10/23/1826 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1800-1829 museums https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/16d8d9a9a3d7dd5151a5cfcef9f2655b.jpg af7a04c3eb415d0c9ebd4f6fb037ff22 Event A non-persistent, time-based occurrence. Metadata for an event provides descriptive information that is the basis for discovery of the purpose, location, duration, and responsible agents associated with an event. Examples include an exhibition, webcast, conference, workshop, open day, performance, battle, trial, wedding, tea party, conflagration. Event Type Marches and Rallies Event Sort Date For sort purposes only. Use YYYYMMDD with no spaces. If no MM or DD, use 00. For multi-day events, use first day. 19880311 Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Deaf President Now Protest Description An account of the resource On March 11, 1988, deaf students from Gallaudet University in Washington, DC marched to the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/59">steps of the Capitol</a> protesting the selection of Elisabeth A. Zinser, a hearing person, as the University's 7th president. Student leaders directed the crowd in a chant that demanded a "Deaf President Now.” Protesters carried a banner that read “We still have a dream!” Faculty, students, and deaf community members attracted national press attention and closed the campus for a week-long protest. Due to the outcry, Zinser resigned and I. King Jordan became the first deaf president of Gallaudet, the world’s only university designed specifically for deaf and hard of hearing students. Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 03/11/1988 Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Courtesy of Gallaudet University Archives. <a href="http://www.gallaudet.edu/dpn_home/issues.html">View Source.</a> https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/1aac6bc4c14f71237dd5f1a3b35f58b4.jpg e9c812982fc4c8c5e0646acf0fe9c799 People An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc. Last Name for nav purposes John Stevens Shop Occupation Artist Biographical Text The Shop was founded in 1705 by John Stevens, an immigrant from Oxfordshire, England. Stevens and his descendants, who owned the shop in Rhode Island, carved gravestones in cemeteries across the state. John Howard Benson bought the shop from the Stevens family in 1927. The Bensons continued to carve gravestones, while John H. Benson also designed and carved inscriptions for university and other institutional buildings. He designed the inscription on the Iwo Jima Memorial in Arlington National Cemetery. After John H' death in 1956, ownership passed to his son, John E Benson. John E designed and carved inscriptions on public and private buildings, national memorials, and the headstones of prominent Americans. In addition to working as a stone carver, he was also a calligrapher and sculptor. In 1993, he retired, maintaining co-ownership of the Shop, but leaving the creative direction to his son Nicholas. Nicholas Benson studied type design and calligraphy in Basel, Switzerland with European masters. In 2007, he was granted a National Heritage Fellowship by the National Endowment for the Arts, and in 2010 he was a awarded a prestigious MacArthur Fellowship. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource John Stevens Shop Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1950-1979 1980-1999 2000-present Description An account of the resource The John Stevens Shop is a stone carving workshop based in Rhode Island and currently co-owned by the father and son team of John E. and Nicholas Benson. They have been involved in the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/506">design and execution of lettering for inscriptions</a> for four memorials on the Mall. The Bensons designed and executed special typefaces, or lettering styles, for the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/27">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial</a>, the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/61">World War II Memorial</a>, and the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/156">Martin Luther King Memorial</a>. Additionally, John Benson designed the lettering for the date stones in the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/63">Vietnam Veterans' Memorial</a>. Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011635591/">View original photograph</a>. Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource John Stevens Shop building the mall design & monuments https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/70be70579296ece4a1028580b23b2d49.jpg 2c1dfe46b7310a1ca32d8078b65a0cbb Still Image A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials. Original Format If the image is of an object, state the type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data color transparency Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource Carving an inscription at the FDR Memorial Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1997 ca. Coverage The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant 1980-1999 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource Carol Highsmith Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division. <a href="http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2011633114/">View original</a>. Description An account of the resource The <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/507">artist</a> in this photograph is carving one of the many inscriptions found in the <a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/27">Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial</a>. Calligrapher and stone carver John Benson, designed the layout and typeface of the inscriptions. Each letter was carved and sandblasted into the granite of the memorial. building the mall design & monuments