<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<item xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" itemId="85" public="1" featured="0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://www.mallhistory.org/items/show/85?output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-05-07T09:30:48-04:00">
  <fileContainer>
    <file fileId="217">
      <src>https://www.mallhistory.org/files/original/9f1c075696b118289dcc88e065f60ffd.jpg</src>
      <authentication>eebda1e06a7963978286fdaf4bfee70c</authentication>
      <elementSetContainer>
        <elementSet elementSetId="5">
          <name>Omeka Image File</name>
          <description>The metadata element set that was included in the `files_images` table in previous versions of Omeka. These elements are common to all image files.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="72">
              <name>Width</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6008">
                  <text>705</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="73">
              <name>Height</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6009">
                  <text>800</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="74">
              <name>Bit Depth</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6010">
                  <text>8</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="75">
              <name>Channels</name>
              <description/>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="6011">
                  <text>3</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
        <elementSet elementSetId="1">
          <name>Dublin Core</name>
          <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
          <elementContainer>
            <element elementId="48">
              <name>Source</name>
              <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
                <elementText elementTextId="18073">
                  <text>http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-grounds/frederick-law-olmsted</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
          </elementContainer>
        </elementSet>
      </elementSetContainer>
    </file>
  </fileContainer>
  <itemType itemTypeId="12">
    <name>People</name>
    <description>An individual, biographical data, birth and death, etc.</description>
    <elementContainer>
      <element elementId="31">
        <name>Birth Date</name>
        <description/>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="18146">
            <text>04/26/1822</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="32">
        <name>Birthplace</name>
        <description/>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="18147">
            <text>Hartford, Connecticut</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="33">
        <name>Death Date</name>
        <description/>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="18148">
            <text>08/28/1903</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="34">
        <name>Occupation</name>
        <description/>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="18149">
            <text>Landscape Designer</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="35">
        <name>Biographical Text</name>
        <description/>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="18150">
            <text>&lt;p class="p1"&gt;Frederick Law Olmsted was born in Hartford, Connecticut on April 16, 1822. In 1848, his father bought him a farm on Staten Island, where he spent the next eight years conducting experiments in scientific agriculture. Olmsted visited Europe three times during the 1850s, studying city parks and other landscapes. A journalist, social critic, and public administrator, Olmsted wrote for &lt;em&gt;Putnam’s Monthly Magazine&lt;/em&gt;, a literary journal, and he co-founded the magazine &lt;em&gt;The Nation&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p class="p1"&gt;In 1857, he collaborated with Calvert Vaux to enter a design competition for Central Park in New York City. They won, and Olmsted and Vaux collaborated on other projects, including city parks, residential neighborhoods, and academic campuses. After the Civil War, they founded a company that specialized in park design. Olmsted believed that preserving nature in urban spaces created a positive environment that would foster good citizenship. His final project was George W. Vanderbilt’s Biltmore Estate, near Asheville, North Carolina. He retired in 1895, passing his firm on to his son, &lt;a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/78"&gt;Frederick Jr.&lt;/a&gt;, and step-son John Charles. &lt;/p&gt;</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="36">
        <name>Bibliography</name>
        <description/>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="18151">
            <text>Charles E. Beveridge. "Olmsted, Frederick Law," American National Biography Online Feb. 2000. </text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="90">
        <name>First Name</name>
        <description>for nav purposes</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="22072">
            <text>Frederick</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
      <element elementId="91">
        <name>Last Name</name>
        <description>for nav purposes</description>
        <elementTextContainer>
          <elementText elementTextId="22073">
            <text>Olmsted</text>
          </elementText>
        </elementTextContainer>
      </element>
    </elementContainer>
  </itemType>
  <elementSetContainer>
    <elementSet elementSetId="1">
      <name>Dublin Core</name>
      <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="50">
          <name>Title</name>
          <description>A name given to the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="18142">
              <text>Frederick Law Olmsted</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="41">
          <name>Description</name>
          <description>An account of the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="18143">
              <text>In 1783, the Senate Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds commissioned Olmsted, who had co-designed Central Park in New York City, to design the grounds of the Capitol. Olmsted created a park-like plan that complimented the &lt;a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/59"&gt;Capitol building&lt;/a&gt;. His plan added marble terraces on the northern, western, and southern sides of the building, and a &lt;a href="http://mallhistory.org/items/show/7"&gt;summerhouse &lt;/a&gt;for visitors on the side near the Mall. Olmsted's career designing park systems and as an urban planner influenced design plans for the National Mall into the 1900s.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="48">
          <name>Source</name>
          <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="18144">
              <text>Architect of the Capitol. &lt;a href="http://www.aoc.gov/capitol-grounds/frederick-law-olmsted"&gt;View original image.&lt;/a&gt;</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="38">
          <name>Coverage</name>
          <description>The spatial or temporal topic of the resource, the spatial applicability of the resource, or the jurisdiction under which the resource is relevant</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="18145">
              <text>1860-1889</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="39">
          <name>Creator</name>
          <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="23199">
              <text>Frederick Law Olmsted</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </elementSet>
  </elementSetContainer>
</item>
